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FYI Interesting situation with LiFePO4 batteries and freezing temps today

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Neal

Staff member
RVF Administrator
Joined
Jul 27, 2019
Messages
12,576
Location
Midlothian, VA
RV Year
2017
RV Make
Newmar
RV Model
Ventana 4037
RV Length
40' 10"
Chassis
Freightliner XCR
Engine
Cummins 400 HP
TOW/TOAD
2017 Chevy Colorado
Fulltimer
No
I completed my monthly battery cycle by letting them run down to 30% SOC by remotely setting the two inverters to "inverter" mode instead of "ON" which is inverter + charger for Victron. I usually let it run down lower but I didn't want to forget as the coach is in storage and the heat is on. This morning as it approached 30% I changed the two inverters back to "on."

This evening I checked the status of the charge and see that it did not charge at all, the Victron lynx bms was in an error state. I tried cycling the BMS from standby to on and no luck. I reached out to SES and heard back not long after and he said I'd need to go to the coach (30 minutes away) and use bluetooth to turn the bms off and then on. But I had a hunch it may be a thermal situation as it's been very cold and it's 29F out. However, I have heating pads and they are temp controlled by a sensor and the temp showed 39.7F which is the temp at the ceiling of the enclosure by the ruuvi sensor. I typically cycle the temp so it comes on automatically at 35 and turns off at 40 so it keeps the batteries above freezing. I raised the window to come on now at 40 and turn off at 45 and then after waiting 30 minutes the bms enabled charging again. Fortunately I can control the relay settings for the heating pad remotely to resolve this via the Victron Cerbo GX and VRM.

The heating pads I have installed wrap the outside of the batteries so my guess was the inner section of the battery bank, opposite the heating pads, were lower and the cells were probably reading 32F or lower. I could see the temps via the Victron app if at the coach but remotely I can't see the actual cell temps.

So good lesson learned, keeping the heat higher on the heating pads to ensure the entire enclosure is at a high enough temp. But the moral here is if your batteries get to 32F or lower, they will not charge. If using LiFePO4 (lithium) batteries you really need to look at a heating solution or your batteries can discharge until the bms (internal or external) blocks them from charging until back above 32F.
 
Good info…my batteries have not fallen below freezing as far as I know…even though it fell to about 25 last night. But then, I wasn’t charging either. I think you can discharge down to a much lower temp. I have a Magnum temp sensor on one of the middle batteries which is what I use to monitor the temps.

Thanks!
 
We have used the thermo cubes to control our heating pads on our batteries, but as you found we have also been speculating that parts of the batteries may still be too cold. We don’t have your sweet setup, so today opted for a cheaper analog config with a $30 heater with “dumb” analog thermostatic knob. After just a couple hour trials and using a heat gun to verify we have settled in the 42 to 48 degree temp range. Reduces our concern around the batteries being damaged by a corner being too cold.
 
Discharging when it is below freezing with lifepo is fine - the charging when below freezing battery temp is when damage will occur.
 
@Neal

After seeing your post, I thought I should check my settings (yes, SES installed battery heat pads). I believe that something was not setup correctly from SES - see below. Shouldn't the relay for the conditions be set at 2 (relay 1 is my generator)? Do you have both condition 1 and 2 set?

Thanks

1736052146235.png
 
IMG_6659.png
 
When I was researching my BMS awkward error message I came across this on the Victron site:

Lithium plating
Charging a lithium battery below 0°C can cause a chemical reaction called "lithium plating" to occur on the anode. This is permanent and cannot be removed
 
When I was researching my BMS awkward error message I came across this on the Victron site:
In the battery world that is what is called dendrites. If allowed to form are one of many ways one can watch a Roman candle consume all you hold dear!

Two ways can be used to heat the batteries up!

One? The heating pad

Two? Placing a heavy load on the batteries. I don't know, will your floor heat run on the inverter? If so the batteries will heat rapidly.
 

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